William (Rip) Robertson was also involved in the campaign against Arbenz. In June 2013, Wisner joined the advisory board of Ergo, a global intelligence and advisory firm. After the West German counterintelligence chief, Otto John, defected to the Soviet Union in 1954, Wisner fed Alsop a story that the West German spymaster had been kidnapped by the KGB. Arbenz, on the other hand, had simply been trying to reform his country and had not sought foreign help in this. Wisner was disappointed by the US government's reaction to this news and he was forced to advise the Romanian royal family to go into exile. His work involved planning a coup in Guyana, a country that had a left-wing government. In March 1945, Wisner was transferred to Wiesbaden, Germany. The New York Times reported that he was a personal friend of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. During this period Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) liaison in Washington. Thus by overthrowing him, America was in effect making a new decision in the cold war. By this time Operation Mockingbird had a major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies. Ernesto Guevara attempted to organize some civil militias but senior army officers blocked the distribution of weapons. When he finished Alien Dulles said, "Brad, I've never heard such crap." . On January 4, 1951, the CIA merged the two offices and created a new Plans Division, which has had sole control over secret operations of all types since that date. Eisenhower turned to his Chief of the Joint Chiefs. While in Germany he served under Allen W. Dulles. All results for Frank Wisner. Among his overseas assignments, Wisner served as the United States Ambassador to Zambia (197982); Egypt (198691), the Philippines (199192), and India, 199497. Wisner remained concerned about the spread of communism and began lobbying for a new intelligence agency. Eisenhower shook hands all around. Wisner and 21 OSS agents landed in Romania,[5] where he became head of OSS Bucharest. Frank Wisner. Wisner Junior was well-known in the CIA and he worked as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy and Under Secretary of . . It also highlights the structure and personalities of U.S. decision-making during that late spring of 1994 when hundreds of thousands were killed as the U.S. and other nations stood by. Instead, President Obama turned to Frank Wisner, Jr., who has had a 36-year career in the State Department. In March 1953, 209,842 acres of United Fruit Company's uncultivated land was taken by the government which offered compensation of $525,000. In July 19, 1954, he created the National Committee of Defense Against Communism and decreed the Preventive Penal Law Against Communism to fight against those who supported Arbenz when he was in power. When the Central Intelligence Agency was established in 1947, its founding officers had to figure out how to build a global network of spies, run secret missions, overthrow governments, and recruit agents. He eventually had a breakdown, was hospitalized, and received an aggressive course of electroshock therapy. As a result Philby was forced to leave the United States. Even with my curious nature, I myself was unaware, except in the vaguest terms, what political action projects were going forward and how (Frank Wisner was spending Marshall Plan counterpart funds.) "He just has many, many friends in. The Two Frank Wisners. It has been estimated that between January and June, 1954, the CIA spent about $20 million on Castillo's army. But the navy is watching a Soviet sub in the area; it could be there to evacuate some of Arbenz's friends, or to supply arms to any resisters.". Mussadegh in Iran was left-wing and had indulged in talks with Russian diplomats about possible alliances and treaties. Their published recommendations included: the establishment of law and order through the retraining of the Iraqi army, focusing on the distribution of humanitarian assistance and reestablishment of vital services, and the importance of avoiding the appointment of exiled Iraqi opposition leaders to dominant positions in the new government. In 1953 the brothers helped out Edward Lansdale and the CIA in the Philippines: "Wisner actively courted the Alsops, along with a few other newsmen he regarded as suitable outlets. As Thomas Polgar later pointed out: "Sure, we never said rise up and revolt, but there was a lot of propaganda that led the Hungarians to believe that we would help. Name: Frank Wisner Most men brought their wives to these gatherings. The whole arrangement of American power in the world from the nineteenth century was based on commercial concerns and methods of operation his had given America a material empire through the ownership of foreign transport systems, oil fields, estancias, stocks, and shares. . [17] Another project he was involved in was with regard to the Belarus Brigade's leaders, a unit incorporated into a German SS division, who were assisted into the United States after the Second world war, due largely to his efforts. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Who made that decision?". Later that year Wisner established Mockingbird, a program to influence the domestic American media. It did not take him long to discover that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. CIA's Voice of Liberation also put out similar radio broadcasts. The only thing theyre proving is the law of gravity, said one CIA officer. "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". Thus by overthrowing him, America was in effect making a new decision in the cold war. As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". Wisner focused his efforts on psychological warfare, most notably through Operation Mockingbird, wherein the OPC sought to influence foreign mediaand who better to plant propaganda than the press itself? Frank Wisner took over direct command of the everyday operations of the Indonesian project. The CIA also provided them with classified information to help them with their work. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided byRefinitiv Lipper. The agents whom he and Burke infiltrated into Romania, Poland, the Baltic states and East Germany all disappeared; most were probably killed. Wisner was too ill to return to his post as head of the DDP. His army was outnumbered by the Guatemalan Army. Hoover, claimed that Caradja was a Soviet agent. Wisner's death saddened but did not shock his colleagues. Vibrant democratic parties, even socialist ones, were preferable to a Communist victory. Later he became an informal adviser to the royal family. On October 28, before he drove out to his farm on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, she called the caretaker and asked him to remove the guns from the house. The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. According to Deborah Davis (Katharine the Great): "By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of the New York Times, Newsweek, CBS and other communications vehicles.". Faked photographs were distributed that claimed to show the mutilated bodies of opponents of Arbenz. In August, 1952, the Office of Policy Coordination and the Office of Special Operations (the espionage division) were merged to form the Directorate of Plans (DPP). The UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was so upset by the actions of the USA that he considered resigning from his post. Let's run over your presentations." I myself was no great admirer of the Soviet Union, and I certainly had no expectation of harmonious relations after the war. Nixon asked a number of questions, concise and to the point, and demonstrated a thorough knowledge of the Guatemalan political situation. Edit your search or learn more. Phillips, along with E. Howard Hunt, was responsible for running the CIA's Voice of Liberation radio station. Wisner arrived in England in September, 1959. Graham himself recruited others who had worked for military intelligence during the war. Britain and France were both initially in favour but eventually buckled under United States pressure and agreed to abstain. Eisenhower shook hands all around. Guillermo Toriello appealed to the United Nations to help protect Guatemalan government. Wisner expected the United States would help the Hungarians. [9], Immediately after the arrival of Major Robert Bishop (September 9, 1944) as head of X-2 (Counter Espionage) branch in Bucharest, Wisner started the search for German records. After 1953 the network was overseen by Allen W. Dulles, director of the Central Intelligence Agency. As Thomas Polgar later pointed out: "Sure, we never said rise up and revolt, but there was a lot of propaganda that led the Hungarians to believe that we would help. The removal of Jacobo Arbenz resulted in several decades of repression. Recalled one CIA officer, I would be at a meeting where it was obvious that the decision had been made the night before at a dinner party., Still, the jobs toll on Wisner was becoming apparent. While in Germany he served under Allen W. Dulles. The Central Intelligence Agency decided that Arbenz had to be removed from power. Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info and Locationeven a guess will help. It said that Frank had died and gave no reason, but I knew." American diplomat and politician (born 1938), Genevieve Jeanne Marie du Fresne de Virel, Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs, United States Ambassador to the Philippines, The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, "The extended family of Nicolas Sarkozy (de Nagy-Bocsa)", "La Giustizia amministrativa: Raccolta completa contenente le decisioni tutte della IV sezione del Consiglio di Stato, le decisioni pi importanti della Corte dei conti in materia di conti comunali, provinciali ed erariali, e di pensioni, le pi importanti sentenze della Corte di cassazione di Roma in materia elettorale e di competenza e monografie relative a questioni amministrative", "Nomination of Frank G. Wisner To Be United States Ambassador to Egypt", "Guiding Principles for U.S. Post-Conflict Policy in Iraq", "Ambassador Frank G. Wisner Joins Ergo's Advisory Board", "Frank Wisner, the Diplomat Sent to Prod Mubarak", Obama Egypt Envoy Frank Wisner Says Mubarak Should Stay, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs, United States Ambassadors to the Philippines, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_G._Wisner&oldid=1135372820, Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines, Ambassadors of the United States to India, Ambassadors of the United States to Egypt, Ambassadors of the United States to Zambia, United States Under Secretaries of Defense for Policy, People of the Egyptian revolution of 2011, Acting United States Secretaries of State, People associated with Squire Patton Boggs, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 07:44. A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. He became Assistant Director of the Office of Policy Coordination. Wisner Sr. died in 1965 by michael gordon. The removal of Jacobo Arbenz resulted in several decades of repression. [11] On September 1, 1948, the office was formally established, although it was renamed to the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) for obfuscation purposes. Internationalist, abrasive, competitive, these men had an unshakeable belief in their value system, and in their duty to offer it to others. When the war ended, the OSS was shut down and Wisner returned to the soul-draining doldrums of office life. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the University of Virginia. According to Alex Constantine (Mockingbird: The Subversion Of The Free Press By The CIA), in the 1950s, "some 3,000 salaried and contract CIA employees were eventually engaged in propaganda efforts". [20] After a lengthy recovery, Wisner became chief of the CIA's London Station. Another project started by Wisner was called Operation Bloodstone. The questions from the unknown man next to me were very insistent, furtive. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwisner.htm, Your email address will not be published. Hector (Rip Robertson) said only one, a courier . Phillips, along with E. Howard Hunt, was responsible for running the CIA's Voice of Liberation radio station. To confront Soviet aggression, Wisner eventually organized a secret army in Europe. (A separate Office of Special Operations conducted secret actions aimed solely at gathering intelligence.) "Instead of a dirge, it was exuberant, powerful, exultant," recalled Tom Braden. The growth of the OSS brought conflict with John Edgar Hoover who saw it as a rival to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Frank Wisner married Antonie Chalupsky, daughter of Frantisek Chalupsky and Katerine Chudly about 1881 and they . Wisner moved to Washington where he associated with a group of journalists, politicians and government officials that became known as the Georgetown Set. In this position, he was instrumental in supporting pro-American forces that toppled Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran in 1953[citation needed] and Jacobo Arbenz Guzmn in Guatemala in 1954.
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